Fig. 6

Elastic modulus distribution plots of the elastic moduli for paired specimens obtained from 10 maize stalks. No significant differences were observed in modulus values between bending and compression-overall groups (a p = 0.58), or between compression-local and tensile groups (b p = 0.4859), or between compression-local and tensile-caliper groups (b p = 0.051), or between compressive-overall and tensile groups (c p = 0.13) [Paired t tests]. However, bending modulus values were significantly lower than the compression-local and tensile values (p = 0.0001 and 0.038, respectively) [Paired t tests]. Data in the chart is from paired specimens obtained from 10 maize stems, 1 specimen was damaged during compression testing and therefor was excluded. Whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum moduli values obtained from each test, which are not considered outliers. Outliers are plotted individually using (°) symbol (MATLAB R2014a, MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA)