Table 1 Comparative advantages of chloroplast genome over nuclear genome

Reduced of gene dispersal in the environment due to maternal inheritance

There is gene dispersal in the environment due to its parental nature

Multiple copy (high ploidy) of plastids results higher expression and accumulation of foreign proteins

Nuclear is not in high ploidy results lower expression and accumulation of foreign proteins

Efficient multiple gene expression in single transformation event

Efficiency of single transformation for multiple gene expression is very poor

Single promoter for expression of multi-subunit complex protein from polycistronic mRNAs

Several promoters for each genes to drive expression of respective subunits

Simultaneous expression of several genes as it contains prokaryotic gene expression system

Do not have prokaryotic expression system can’t undergo simultaneous expression of several genes

Homologous recombination avoids position effects and gene silencing

Random integration presents position effects and gene silencing