| Pretreatment | Transformation solution | Transformation Time (h) | Cultivation time (h) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | 1/2MS | Sucrose (%) | Tween 20 (%) | CaCl2 (mM) | Dithiothreitol (%) | Acetosyringone (μM) | 5’-Azacytidine (μM) | OD600 |  |  |
Old method | Yes | Yes | 2.5 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0.9 | 5 | 42 |
Optimized method | No | No | 3 | 0.03 | 5 | 0.04 | 250 | 50 | 1.2 | 4 | 72 |
Enhanced efficiency (fold) | – | – | – | 4.6 | 4.9 | 10.4 | 5.1 | 84.6 | – | – | 2.2 |