Fig. 5

Effects of NEM, BDM, and DDG on bulb dormancy release in Siberia. a–c Bud elongation in dormant Siberia 4 weeks (a), 6 weeks(b), and 8 weeks (c) of the low-temperature storage (4 °C) after being treated with NEM, BDM, and DDG. Water treatment was used as the control. The blue dotted line outlined the position of the central bud. Scale bars, 1 cm; d The central bud-to-bulb length ratio. Data represent mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (n = 8 bulbs per sample). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) by ANOVA Turkey’s HSD tests for pairwise comparisons