Fig. 2

Effects of NEM, BDM, and DDG on callose deposition of SAMs in Siberia bulblets. a TEM microscopy micrographs of SAMs of lily bulblets 6 weeks after treatment with NEM, BDM, and DDG. SAMs of Control and NEM treatment exhibit electron-dense dormancy sphincters associated with PD, while BDM or DDG treatment lacks this structure. Similar results were observed in three independent samples. PD, Plasmodesmata. Scale bars, 0.2 μm; b Callose deposition between cells in SAMs of lily bulblets 6 weeks after treatment with NEM, BDM, and DDG. SAMs were subjected to aniline blue staining. Scale bars, 40 μm. Consistent results were obtained in 3 independent bulblets; c Callose levels were decreased in SAMs of BDM and DDG-treated bulblets and maintained high levels in NEM-treatment bulblets. Aniline blue staining and ImageJ software were used for quantification. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (n = 3 slices per replicate). Different letters indicate significant differences (p  < 0.05) by ANOVA Turkey’s HSD tests for pairwise comparisons. d The expression of LoCALS3 in SAMs of bulblets 6 weeks after treatment with NEM, BDM, and DDG. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (n = 3 SAMs per sample). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) by ANOVA Turkey’s HSD tests for pairwise comparisons