Table 2 Classification of bioactive compounds in various Rubus species

Polyphenols

Rubus chingii Hu, Rubus ellipticus, raspberry and blackberry

Ellagic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, m-coumaric acid,3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, kaemferol, cyanin, delphinidin, ( +)-catechin, apigenin, (-)epigallocatechin gallate, galangin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, sinapaldehyde, hesperidin, pinobanksin, syringaldehyde, tiliroside, astragalin, kaempferol-3-o-β-d-glucuronic acid methyl ester, querecetin-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, aromadedrin, hyperoside, cis-tiliroside, kaempferol-3-o-hexoside, quercetin-3-o-glycoronide, imperatorin, rubusin a&b, esculetin, esculin, casuariin, casuarinin, casuaricitin, pedunculagin, caffeic acid glucoside, caffeic acid glucoside, cyanidin 3-o-sophoroside, cyanidin 3-o-glucosyl-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-o-glucoside, cyanidin 3-o-rutinoside, procyanidin dimmer type b, ( +) catechin, ellagic acid rhamnoside, lambertianin c, ellagic acid pentoside, quercetin 3-o-rhamnoside, β-sitosterol

Fruit

[18, 32,33,34,35]

R. ellipticus

Pyrogallol

Leaves

[18]

R. ellipticus

Pinfaensin, rosamutin

Root

[18]

Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus

Gallic acid, sanguiin h-6, sanguiin h-10, sanguiin h-2, ellagic acid, ellagic acid pentoside, methyl ellagic acid pentoside

Pomace

[15, 36]

Alkaloids

Rubus chingii Hu, Rubus ellipticus

4-Dimethylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 3-piperidinecarboxamide, carbamic acid, n’[3-(dimethylaminopropylamino)propyl]-2-hydroxyimino-2-phenyl, 1,3-propandiamine, 4, 1,1-(diethylcarbamoyl)succinimide, 3-piperidinamine, acetamide, n-[3-(3-dimethylaminopropylamino)propyl]-2-hydroxyimino-2-phenyl, nʹ-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-nn dimethyl, 1-(diethylamino)ethylidenimino]sulfur pentafluoride, rubusine, methyldioxindole-3-acetate, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-terahydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid

Fruits

[18, 34]

Terpenoids

Rubus chingi Hu

Arjunic acid, oleanic acid, fupenzic acid, maslinic acid, sericic acid, ursolic acid, eusaphic acid, 2α-hydroxyursolic acid, 2 α,3 α,19 α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic-acid, 2 α,19α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid, tormentic acid, nigaichigoside f1, rubusoside, goshonoside-(F1-F7), ent-labda-8(17),13e-diene-3β,15,18-trio, 27 15,18-di-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-13(e)-ent-labda-7(8),13(14)- diene-3β,15,18–triol, 15-o-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)β-d-glucopranosyl-18-o-β-dglucopyranosyl-13(e)-ent-labda-8(9),13(14)-diene-3β,15,18-triol

Fruits

[34]

R. ellipticus

Ursane, ursolic acid, oleanane

Leaves

[34]

R. ellipticus

2R,3,23-trihydroxyurs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid, 2R,3,23-trihydroxyurs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid, buergericic acid, euscaphic acid, r,2r,3,19r-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 19r-hydroxyasiatic acid, 2r,3,19r-trihydroxyurs-12-en-23,28-dioic

Root

[18]

Fatty acids and esters

Rubus chingii Hu, Rubus ellipticus

n-Hexadecanoic acid, tridecyl ester, benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxmethyl ester, 2-bromopropionic acid, tridecyl ester, hydroxy-, ethyl ester, 1-octacosanol, (E)-9,11-dodecadien-1-ol, [2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester

Fruits

[18, 34]

R. fruticosus L.,R. idaeus

n-Decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, linoleic acid methyl ester

Leaves

[18, 34]

Phytosterols

Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus

Stigmasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol

Pomace

[15, 36]

R. ellipticus

β-Sitosterol, β-sitosterol- β-D-glucoside

Leaves

[18, 34]

Other compounds

Rubus chingii Hu, Rubus ellipticus

Phloridzin, 4-methylumbelli-ferone, p-aminobenzoic acid, 7,9-dimethyl-1,4-dioxa-7,9-diazacycloundecan-8-one, 4(equat)-n-butyl-1,2(axial)-dimethyl-transdecahydroquinol-4-ol, ascorbic acid (vitamin c), glurolactone, vitamin e

Fruit

[18, 34]

Rubus chingii Hu, Rubus ellipticus

α-Terpinene, 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane, linalyl acetate, 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-butane, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pentanone, α-thujene, trans-linalool oxide, l-α-terpineol, 1-octacosanol, octacosanic acid, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cis-linalool oxide 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol acetate, diisobutyl phthalate, phytol, 3-methyloctanedioic acid-dimethyl ester, dodecyl aldehyde, 1-(4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-enyl)ethenone, e-10-pentadecenol, trans-dihydrocarvyl acetate, coniferyl alcohol, 1-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethenone, terpineol-4, cis-p-2-menthen-1-ol, (e)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-2-buten-1-one, calarene, cedryl formate, 12-methyltridecanal, 5-oxoheptanoate methyl, neryl acetate, n-tridecane, trans-caryophyl-lene, quinic acid, 2-hexenal, 2,4-heptadienal, 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, 2-heptanone, 2-hexanone, 2-hexanol-3-methyl, 4-heptanol-3-ethyl, 3-hexanol-5-methyl

Leaves

[18, 34]