Early selection of carrot somatic hybrids: a promising tool for species with high regenerative ability

Table 5 Effect of direct current (DC) pulse duration on protoplasts viability, cell wall re-synthesis and plating efficiency in post-fusion mixture of D. carota subsp. sativus cv. Dolanka and D. carota subsp. gadecaei protoplasts

Duration (µs) of 2 kV cm⁻¹ DC	Cell viability (%)^a	Cell wall re-synthesis (%)^b	Plating efficiency (%)^c in
Duration (µs) of 2 kV cm⁻¹ DC	Cell viability (%)^a	Cell wall re-synthesis (%)^b	10- day-old cultures	20-day-old cultures
Control	82.4 ± 1.3 a	90.0 ± 2.3 a	60.0 ± 3.1 a	63.1 ± 0.4 a
70	80.0 ± 3.1 a	76.5 ± 5.1 b	47.3 ± 3.7 ab	58.5 ± 4.2 a
80	76.1 ± 3.2 ab	69.6 ± 0.2 b	37.5 ± 6.4 ab	49.1 ± 5.2 a
90	63.1 ± 3.6 b	69.6 ± 1.4 b	49.4 ± 2.1 b	46.9 ± 2.8 a

^AEvaluated just after protoplast embedding in alginate matrix;
^bFrequency of the cells with completely reconstituted cell wall examined after calcofluor staining of cellulose in 72 h-old protoplast cultures;
^cThe number of cell colonies per total number of observed cells (× 100)
Data represent means and standard errors calculated from three independent fusion experiments per each fusion variant. Means within columns followed by the same letter were not significantly different at least at P = 0.05

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