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Table 4 Models and p-values of the permutation test based on LRT statistics

From: A successive time-to-event model of phyllochron dynamics for hypothesis testing: application to the analysis of genetic and environmental effects in maize

Model

Cumulated phyllochron parameters

Instant phyllochron parameters

Model name

(A) Models for genotypic groups effects (C: cumulated phyllochron, I: instant phyllochron)

 \(M_{00}\)

\(\forall (l,s,g), \quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_y,\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_y)\)

\(\forall (l,s,g), \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) = (\mu_y , \sigma_y )\)

(\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))[identical]

 \(M_{10}\)

\(\forall (s,g), \quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,l} ,\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,l})\)

\(\forall (l, s,g), \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) = (\mu_y ,\sigma_y )\)

C[line]-I[identical]

 \(M_{11}\)

\(\forall (s,g), \quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,l},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,l})\)

\(\forall (s,g), \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) =(\mu _{y,l},\sigma _ {y,l})\)

(\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))[line]

 \(M_{21}\)

\(\forall g, \quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,ls},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,ls})\)

\(\forall (s,g), \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg})=(\mu _{y,l},\sigma _ {y,l})\)

C[selection]-I[line]

 \(M_{22}\)

\(\forall g, \quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,ls},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,ls})\)

\(\forall g, \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) =(\mu _{y,ls},\sigma _ {y,ls})\)

(\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))[selection]

 \(M_{32}\)

\(\quad (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg})= (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg})\)

\(\forall g, \quad (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) = (\mu _{y,ls},\sigma _ {y,ls})\)

C[genotype]-I[selection]

 \(M_{33}\)

\((\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg}) = (\mu ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_{y,lsg},\sigma ^{C(f_{\text{min}}^0)}_ {y,lsg})\)

\((\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg}) = (\mu _{y,lsg},\sigma _ {y,lsg})\)

(\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))[genotype]

 

\(M_{11}\)/\(M_{00}\)

\(M_{11}\)/\(M_{10}\)

\(M_{10}\)/\(M_{00}\)

Nb of perm

Best

 

Line effect on (\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))

Line effect on I

Line effect on C

Nb of perm

 

(B) Ancestral line effect

 2014

0.000

0.0100

0.01

200

\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\)

 2015

0.000

0.0000

0.0050

200

\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\)

 

\(M_{22}\)/\(M_{11}\)

\(M_{22}\)/\(M_{21}\)

\(M_{21}\)/\(M_{11}\)

Nb of perm

Best

 

Selection effect on (\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))

Selection effect on I

Selection effect on C

Nb of perm

 

(C) Selection effect

 2014.F

0.043

0.0095

0.49

200

I

 2014.M

0.540

0.4900

0.49

70

ns

 2015.F

0.210

0.1400

1.0000

200

ns

 2015.M

0.380

0.6700

0.1800

200

ns

 

\(M_{33}\)/\(M_{22}\)

\(M_{33}\)/\(M_{32}\)

\(M_{32}\)/\(M_{22}\)

Nb of perm

Best

 

Genotype effect on (\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\))

Genotype effect on I

Genotype effect on C

Nb of perm

 

(D) Residual genotypic effect

 2014.Fearly

NA

NA

NA

6

NA

 2014.Flate

0.067

0.0000

0.47

90

I

 2014.Mearly

NA

NA

NA

6

NA

 2014.Mlate

NA

NA

NA

6

NA

 2015.Fearly

0.056

0.0079

1.0000

200

I

 2015.Flate

0.025

0.0250

0.0700

200

I

 2015.Mearly

0.000

0.0160

0.0079

200

\(\hbox {C}+\hbox {I}\)

 2015.Mlate

0.370

0.4600

0.0290

35

C

  1. (A) Definition of the models; (B–D) p-values for ancestral line, selection and genotypic effects. For each grouping effect, models \(M_{j-1,j-1}\), \(M_{j-1,j}\), and \(M_{j,j}\) were compared. The best model shows either no group effect (ns), a significant group effect on the cumulative phyllochron (C), a significant group effect on the instant phyllochron (I) or both \((\hbox {C}+\hbox {I})\), at level \(p<0.05\). Column “nb of perm” provides the number of permutation used to compute the empirical distribution under the parsimonious model