Field-measured canopy height may not be as accurate and heritable as believed: evidence from advanced 3D sensing

Zang, Jingrong; Jin, Shichao; Zhang, Songyin; Li, Qing; Mu, Yue; Li, Ziyu; Li, Shaochen; Wang, Xiao; Su, Yanjun; Jiang, Dong

doi:10.1186/s13007-023-01012-2

Plant Methods

Table 5 Detailed statistics on comparing height measurement methods

From: Field-measured canopy height may not be as accurate and heritable as believed: evidence from advanced 3D sensing

GS group	RMSE, m (RMSE%)	Bias, m (Bias%)	r	RMSE, m (RMSE%)	Bias, m (Bias%)	r
	TLS vs. FM			BLS vs. FM
J	0.04 (6.69)	0.02 (3.37)	0.88	0.05 (9.58)	0.03 (5.32)	0.81
H	0.05 (6.64)	0.04 (5.42)	0.92	0.05 (6.49)	0.04 (4.89)	0.91
F	0.10 (11.82)	0.03 (4.10)	0.76	0.10 (12.03)	0.05 (6.41)	0.76
M	0.08 (9.85)	0.05 (5.99)	0.76	0.07 (9.16)	0.05 (6.26)	0.75
Mean	0.07 (8.75)	0.04 (4.72)	0.83	0.07 (9.32)	0.04 (5.72)	0.81
	GLS vs. FM			DAP vs. FM
J	0.05 (8.96)	− 0.13 (− 22.39)	0.79	0.05 (8.94)	0.03 (5.25)	0.89
H	0.05 (7.00)	− 0.10 (− 13.84)	0.72	0.05 (6.56)	0.05 (5.75)	0.92
F	0.08 (10.96)	− 0.08 (− 10.99)	0.45	0.14 (16.58)	0.03 (4.13)	0.64
M	0.06 (7.94)	− 0.11 (− 14.74)	0.62	0.11 (14.18)	0.01 (0.85)	0.60
Mean	0.06 (8.71)	− 0.10 (− 15.49)	0.65	0.09 (11.57)	0.03 (3.99)	0.76
	TLS vs. BLS			TLS vs. GLS
J	0.04 (7.61)	0.01 (1.89)	0.87	0.03 (5.15)	− 0.15 (− 24.93)	0.93
H	0.03 (3.33)	0.00 (− 0.50)	0.98	0.03 (3.88)	− 0.15 (− 20.19)	0.91
F	0.04 (4.44)	0.02 (2.22)	0.97	0.03 (4.28)	− 0.17 (− 20.79)	0.92
M	0.04 (5.26)	0.00 (0.25)	0.92	0.05 (6.07)	− 0.16 (− 20.44)	0.76
Mean	0.04 (5.16)	0.01 (0.97)	0.94	0.04 (4.84)	− 0.16 (− 21.59)	0.88
	BLS vs. DAP			BLS vs. GLS
J	0.06 (9.68)	0.00 (− 0.07)	0.85	0.04 (6.58)	− 0.16 (− 26.33)	0.88
H	0.05 (5.81)	0.01 (0.82)	0.93	0.04 (4.78)	− 0.15 (− 20.42)	0.86
F	0.08 (9.24)	− 0.02 (− 2.15)	0.89	0.03 (3.49)	− 0.18 (− 22.29)	0.95
M	0.10 (11.93)	− 0.04 (− 5.09)	0.70	0.05 ( 6.65)	− 0.16 (− 20.92)	0.70
Mean	0.07 (9.17)	− 0.01 (− 1.62)	0.84	0.04 (5.51)	− 0.16 (− 22.52)	0.86
	DAP vs. TLS			DAP vs. GLS
J	0.03 (5.10)	− 0.01 (− 1.78)	0.92	0.04 (7.05)	− 0.16 (− 26.27)	0.86
H	0.04 (5.27)	0.00 (-0.31)	0.95	0.03 (4.54)	− 0.15 (− 20.41)	0.87
F	0.07 (8.52)	0.00 (− 0.02)	0.87	0.05 (5.87)	− 0.17 (− 21.14)	0.84
M	0.09 (10.98)	0.04 (5.10)	0.68	0.06 (7.76)	− 0.13 (− 17.09)	0.61
Mean	0.06 (7.47)	0.01 (0.74)	0.86	0.05 (6.30)	− 0.15 (− 21.23)	0.80

The top side of the table showed the evaluation results of 3D sensing datasets with FM; the bottom side of the table showed the results of 3D sensing datasets cross-comparisons. RMSE and RMSE%, Bias and Bias%, and correlation coefficient (r) were given for distinct growth stage (GS) groups. The underlined values were the best result for each GS group among different comparisons
J, H, F, and M represent jointing, heading, flowering, and maturity stages

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ISSN: 1746-4811

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