Fig. 7
Delayed fluorescence of Arabidopsis seedlings. a Delayed fluorescence traces of six-day old wild-type, toc1-4 (arrhythmic), and elf4-2 (short period) seedlings grown in ~ 25 seedling patches (grown under a 12 h:12 h light:dark, fluorescent lights, 22 °C) released into free-running conditions (constant 22 °C, constant light with PPFD of ~ 70 µmol m−2 s−1, constant ~ 25% relative humidity) for 5 days. White and grey boxes represent subjective light and subjective night, respectively. Error bars represent SD from 12 patches of seedlings. Each patch was normalized to its own average bioluminescence over time. b Relative amplitude error (RAE) plot of measured rhythms from wild type, elf4-2, and toc1-4 seedlings. RAE ≤ 0.5 is considered a robust waveform. 100% of wild type, 25% of toc1-4, and 8.33% of the elf4-2 seedlings were below the 0.5 threshold. Seedling period under free-running conditions, as reported by BioDare2 using FFT-NLLS analysis methods. For period analysis in BioDare2, “linear dtr” was selected for detrending, 18–34 h was selected for expected period, and “FFT NLLS” was selected for analysis method. Each seedling was normalized to its own average bioluminescence over time