Table 2 Summary of ILSA and other protocol/tools

Sampling mode

Manual

Pneumatic

Automatic

Freezing mode

Freezing with LN₂

Time of sampling (\({\tau }_{s}\))

~ 10 s

0.1 s

0.05 s

¹³C turnover time

~ 3 s

N.A.

~ 0.60 s

Air flow

5 L min⁻¹

1 L min⁻¹

1–6 L min⁻¹

Leaf chamber (area/volume)

39.5 cm²/380 mL culture box

8 cm²/~ 16 mL chamber

16 cm²/~ 30 mL semi-open chamber

[CO₂] control

√

√

50–10,000 ppm

Dynamic light

× 

× 

√

Light intensity

External

0–2000 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹

0–1200 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

Humidity control

× 

× 

√

Portability

Embedded in workbench

Desktop

Independent and movable

Extensibility

Unavailable

Single use

Can be connected in series or parallel