Fig. 6

A X-ray images of Jatropha curcas seeds separated into three different classes based on tissue integrity: Class 1–(a) tissues completely filling the seed [arrow indicates the embryonic axis region], (b) slight empty spaces (≤ 1.23 mm) between the endosperm and the seed coat; Class 2–(c) large empty spaces (> 1.24 mm) between the endosperm and the seed coat; (d–f) deteriorated tissues without reaching the embryonic axis; Class 3–(g, h) deteriorated tissues reaching the embryonic axis, (i, j) malformed seeds, (k) empty seed. B Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of X-ray classes, quality traits (normal seedling and dead seed) and reflectance data at 940 nm for three seedlots with different vigor levels (low vigor = L1 [black circles], high vigor = L2 [red triangles], and medium vigor = L3 [green crosses]); abnormal seedling variable did not appear in the model because it is collinear with dead seed (n = 4 repetitions of 25 seeds)