Fig. 1

The broad-scale family phylogeny of ARF genes in plants. The broad-scale family phylogeny of ARF genes in different plant lineages estimated using IQ-TREE maximum-likelihood algorithm. Branches representing ARF genes from different plant clades were colored and six conspicuous groups for angiosperm ARF genes were obtained and labeled on the tree (Groups I through VI). Gene tree structure and the three subfamilies (denoted as clades A, B and C) were consistent with that reported by Finet and colleagues with more ARF genes identified from plant genomic or transcriptomic datasets. Green circles indicate branch bootstrap support values larger than 80%