Table 2 Summary of selected references applying hyperspectral imaging to seed viability and vigor detection
From: Hyperspectral imaging for seed quality and safety inspection: a review
Seed | Spectral rangea | Varieties | Sample numbers | Features | Signal mode | Data analysis strategies | Main application type | Classification result (highest accuracy) | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectra/image | Extraction/selection methods | Analysis level | Classification/regression methods | ||||||||
Barley | 900–1700 (1002–1626) | 1 variety, 8 treatments | 755 | Spectra | PCA, MNF | Reflectance | PWb prediction map and OWc (single kernels) | Maximum likelihood multinomial, regression classifier | Germination level detection | 97% when single kernels grouped into the three categories | Arngren et al. [28] |
Corn | 400–1000 (1000–2500) | 3 varieties, 2 treatments | 900 | Spectra | No | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA | Viability prediction | > 95.6% | Ambrose et al. [27] |
Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtuse | 400–980 (1250–2500) | 2 treatments of each kind of seed | 2320 | Spectra | No | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | Spectral index | Viability prediction | 98.30% | Matsuda et al. [31] |
Cucumber | 400–1000(blue, green and red LED induced region) | 1 variety, 2 treatments | 200 | Spectra | No | Reflectance | OW (single kernels), PW prediction map | PLS-DA | Viability prediction | 100% | Mo et al. [32] |
Muskmelon | 948–2498 | 1 variety, 4 treatments | 288 | Spectra | VIP, SR, and SMC | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA | Viability prediction | 94.60% | Kandpal et al. [30] |
Norway spruce | 400–1000 (1000–2500) | 1 variety, 3 treatments | 1606 | Spectra and image | L1-regularized logistic regression based feature selection | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | SVM | Viability prediction | > 93% | Dumont et al. [29] |
Pepper | 400–1000(blue, green and red LED induced region) | 1 variety, 2 treatments | 600 | Spectra | No | Reflectance | OW (single kernels), PW prediction map | PLS-DA | Germination level detection | > 85% | Mo et al. [33] |
Tree seeds | 392–889 (424–879) | 3 varieties, 8 treatments | 600 | Spectra | LDA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LDA | Germination level detection | > 79% | Nansen et al. [34] |
Wheat, barley and sorghum | 1000–2498 | B: 3 varieties W: 3 varieties S: 2, varieties 6 treatments | 1200 | Spectra | PCA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels), PW prediction map | PLS-DA, PLSR | Viability prediction | R = 0.92 (PLS-DA) | McGoverin et al. [35] |