Fig. 5

TaALMT1 expression in various root types. Relative TaALMT1 expression in the various roots of wheat were measured using GAPDH or α-tubulin as reference genes. Data from the control and +Al³⁺ treatments were combined. Data are mean ± SE (n = 6). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the gene expression between the root types (P < 0.05) within each reference gene used. Equal variance test failed so data were natural log-transformed prior to one-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak post hoc test