Quantifying pruning impacts on olive tree architecture and annual canopy growth by using UAV-based 3D modelling

Table 3 Impact of tree pruning treatment on the tree architecture, when computed as the differences in the projected canopy area, tree height, and crown volume between dates 2 (after pruning) and 1 (before pruning)

Pruning treatments	Area (Date 2 − Date 1)		Height (Date 2 − Date 1)		Volume (Date 2 − Date 1)
Pruning treatments	Mean ± SD (m²)	%^a	Mean ± SD (m)	%^a	Mean ± SD (m³)	%^a
Mechanical	−0.89 ± 1.40	−6.97	−0.51 ± 0.40	−12.15	−3.79 ± 4.93	−9.89
Adapted	−5.56 ± 2.68	−38.95	−0.05 ± 0.38	−0.65	−17.46 ± 8.73	−42.05
Traditional	−5.00 ± 2.87	−33.02	−0.03 ± 0.31	−0.37	−15.58 ± 8.19	−35.72

^aAverage percentage of increase (+) or decrease (−) of each tree geometric feature between the date 2 and the date 1, as follow: % = (feature_date2 − feature_date1)/(feature_date1)

ISSN: 1746-4811