Figure 4

The effect of iota- carrageenan and modified agar concentration on hyperhydration of safflower shoots. (A) Media composition and percentage of cotyledons hyperhydrated after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium and 3-4 weeks on selection medium (Table 1). T1 = S2 + 8 g l^-1 Agar; T2= S2+9 g l^-1 Agar; T3 = S2 + 9 g l^-1 Agar +1.5 g l^-1 carrageenan; T4 = S2 + 9 g l^-1 Agar +2.5 g l^-1 carrageenan. Each value is the mean ± SE of three independent experiments, each with 30 cotyledons. Significant differences between media composition are indicated by different letters in each group of bars. (B) An example of hyperhydrated shoots grown on MS media with 8 g l^-1 agar and the arrow indicates the abnormal appearance of leaf. (C) Proliferation of normal and healthy shoots on MS media with 9.0 g l^-1 agar and 1.5 g l^-1 iota-carrageenan; (Note the sharp margins on leaves compared to the image in panel B). (D) A single healthy shoot on elongation media, S5, and ready for grafting.