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Table 2 List of vegetation indices used in this study

From: Improving the prediction performance of leaf water content by coupling multi-source data with machine learning in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Vegetation index

Algorithm

Reference

Normalized difference index (ND)

ND = (Rλ1 − Rλ2)/ (Rλ1 + Rλ2)

This study

Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

NDVI = (R895 − R675)/(R895 + R675)

[28]

Normalized difference infrared index (NDII)

NDII = (R819 − R1600)/(R819 + R1600)

[29]

Normalized difference water index (NDWI)

NDWI = (R860 − R1240)/(R860 + R1240)

[30]

Water index (WI)

WI = R970/R900

[9]

Moisture stress index (MSI)

MSI = R1600/R820

[8]

  1. The λ1 and λ2 are arbitrary bands in the 350–2500 nm bands, and Rλ1 and Rλ2 are the spectral reflectance of the bands