Table 1 A non-exhaustive tour of the literature of portable or potentially portable MRI applied to plants

Fruit

Baek et al. [35]

Solanum lycopersicum cv. Tiara, Tiara TY, and Unicorn

1

Variation in signal intensity as a function of maturity;

Assignment of maturity based on the pericarp/locule signal ratio

Geya et al. [52]

Pyrus pyrifolia

0.2

Variation in T₂ as a function of fruit growth and changes in tissue structure;

Linear relationship between relaxation rates and the inverse of the cube root of pear fruit weight

Windt and Blümler [48]

Phaseolus vulgaris L

0.26

Monitoring of fruit water content and fruit growth

Leaves

Capitani et al. [54]

Zea mays;

Phaseolus vulgaris;

Populus nigra;

Cistus incanus;

Quercus ilex

0.4

Relationship between the integral of the NMR signal and leaf water status, and with the rate of transpiration in hydrated leaves;

Reduction in NMR signal with leaf dehydration;

Different trends between species depending on their water strategies

Musse et al. [49]

Brassica napus L., genotype Tenor

0.47

Access to cell structure by measuring T₂ through subcellular water distribution;

Variation in T₂ distribution as a function of leaf developmental stage

Musse et al. [51]

Brassica napus L., genotype Aviso

0.47

Reflection of the senescence process in the variation of T₂ distribution;

Earlier change in T₂ than in chlorophyll and dry matter content

Sorin et al. [50]

Brassica napus L., genotype Tenor

0.47

Access to cell structure by measuring T₂ through subcellular water distribution;

Variation in T₂ distribution as a function of leaf developmental stage

Sorin et al. [58]

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi

0.47

The stage of leaf development mainly affects the longest T₂;

The impact of water stress depends on the plant's stage of development and the intensity of the stress

Windt et al. [37]

Oryza sativa cv. Nuovo Maratelli

0.242

Diurnal variation in leaf water content;

Weaker tendency in case of osmotic stress

Stem

Fukuda et al. [59]

Cercidiphyllum japonicum;

Betula platyphylla var. japonica

1

Measurement of water content;

Visualization of emboli propagation;

Estimation of the relative area of the embolism from MR images in accordance with vulnerability curves

Homan et al. [39]

Prunus

0.7

Similar flow measurements at high and low magnetic fields

Jones et al. [36]

Prunus padus

0.025

Imaging water distribution;

Correlation between signal intensity and meteorological conditions;

Diurnal and seasonal variation in water status

Kimura et al. [11]

Pyrus pyrifolia

0.3

Clear difference between the ADC map of the branch affected by dwarf disease and the ADC map of the normal branch;

Variation in microscopic water flow in the branch as a function of solar radiation

Malone et al. [56]

Populus tremuloides;

Juniperus monosperma;

Pinus edulis

9E-04

Diurnal variation of the NMR signal in a well-watered plant;

No clear diurnal variation of the NMR signal in a water-limited plant

Meixner et al. [10]

Fagus sylvatica

0.25

Measurement of water content;

Visualization of emboli propagation;

Meixner et al. [34]

Malus domestica cv. Captan;

Fagus sylvatica

0.25

Imaging water distribution;

Diurnal variation in water content and T₂

Nagata et al. [33]

Zelkova serrata

0.2

Monitoring tree growth;

Diurnal and seasonal variation in xylem flow

Peuke et al. [62]

Ricinus communis L

0.72

Reduction in phloem and xylem flows during root anoxia treatment;

No diurnal variation in xylem sap flow after anoxia treatment;

Reduction then recovery of phloem sap flow during shoot anoxia treatment

Scheenen et al. [53]

Cucumis sativus cv. Hurona

0.7

Reduction in root water uptake and xylem hydraulic conductance due to emboli formation after cold stress;

Refilling monitoring

Umebayashi et al. [60]

Pinus thunbergii

0.3

Imaging the spread of embolism in pine wilted disease caused by nematodes;

Characterization of two types of embolism, one of which spread in all directions and was caused by the nematode population staying around the inoculation site

Utsuzawa et al. [61]

Pinus thunbergii

1

Visualisation of xylem cavitation and the spread of embolism caused by nematodes;

Area and speed of cavitation spreading in two stages: a first one with gradual and confined propagation, and second, rapid propagation progressing until it occupied most of the xylem

Van As et al. [40]

Cucumis sativus L

0.235

Variation in flux and T₂ with light intensity

Windt et al. [12]

Populus tremula × Populus alba, INRA clone 717 1B4;

Ricinus communis;

Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Counter;

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana SR1

0.72

Measurement of phloem and xylem flow;

Diurnal variation in xylem flow

Windt et al. [47]

Ricinus communis;

Populus nigra

0.57

Non spatially resolved xylem flow measurement;

Diurnal variation in water status;

Monitoring the growth of a tree trunk

Windt and Blümler [48]

Populus nigra L.;

Quercus robur L

0.57

0.26

Measurement of xylem flow;

Monitoring water content, stem diameter growth and shrinkage

Yoder et al. [55]

Populus tremuloides;

Pinus edulis;

Juniperus monosperma;

Pinus ponderosa

9E-04

Decrease in signal amplitude as the tree dries out

Roots

Bagnall et al. [38]

Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench)

0.047

Measuring soil and root T₂;

Soil T₂ variation as a function of soil type;

Imaging roots in the soil

Bagnall et al. [13]

Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench)

0.047

2D and 3D imaging of root architecture in soils;

Root segmentation

Nuixe et al. [46]

Dactylis glomerata;

Plantago lanceolata;

Medicago sativa

0.3

Diurnal variation in water content and in T₂