Fig. 3

(A) Changes in the pathogenesis of PLY phytoplasma-infected periwinkle plants with different grafting methods. (B) Days required from S1 to S3. Each sample was determined from at least 6 biological replications. The symptom stages are defined according to Fig. 2; that are S0 (no visible symptom), S1 (flower discoloration or partial leaf yellowing), S2 (partial floral virescence), and S3 (completed floral virescence or shoot proliferation). The error bar indicates the SE of each set of replicates; * indicates p value < 0.05, and *** indicates p value < 0.001. dpi = days post-inoculation