Species name | Explants source | Culture media and optimum PGR combination for shoot induction | Regeneration system | Elongation/prolifferation | PGR for root induction | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P.edulis f. edulis* P. edulis f. flavicarpa | Leaf disks | MS + 8.88 μΜ BAP | Organogenesis | – | – | [5] |
P. cincinnata Mast | Zygotic embryo | MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 16.22 μΜ2,4-D + 4.44 μΜ BAP | Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo | MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 1.5 g/L AC | MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 1.5 g/L AC + 1.4 μΜ GA3 | [38] |
P. cristalina | Leaf disks, hypocotyls, cotyledon, root segment and endosperm | MS + 8.88 μΜ BAP (leaf and endosperm), MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP (hypocotyls, cotyledon) MS + 4.65 μΜ KN | Organogenesis | – | – | [39] |
P. edulis | Bud segment | MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP, MS + 1.0 mg mTR; myo-Inositol & 170 mg/L NH2PO4 | Organogenesis | – | 0.54 μΜ NAA | [41] |
P. edulis Sims | Internode | MS + 6.66 μΜ BAP + 5.37 μΜ NAA | Organogenesis | – | 9.84 μΜ IBA | [42] |
P. cincinnata Mast | Anther | MS + 9.1 μΜ 2,4-D/18.2 μΜ 2,4-D + 4.44 μΜ BAP | Somatic embryogenesis | – | – | [57] |
P. suberosa L. | Leaf disks, nodal and intermodal segments | MSM + 44.44 μΜ BAP | Organogenesis | – | 1/2MSM | [58] |
P. edulis f. edulis* P. edulis f. flavicarpa | Leaf disks | MS + 6.66 μΜ BAP; 1.11 μΜ TDZ; 23.5 μM AgNO3 | Organogenesis | MSM + coconut water; MSM + GA3 | – | [60] |
P. alata | Leaf disks, hypocotyls segment | MS + 2.27 μΜ TDZ + 23.5 μΜ AgNO3 |  | MSM + GA3 | ½ MSM | [59] |
P. edulis Sims | Endosperm | MS + 4.5 μΜ BAP and 9.0 μΜ TDZ; 100 mg/L myo-Inositol | Organogenesis | MS | – | [61] |
P. suberosa L. | Root segments | 9.0 μΜ BAP | Organogenesis | 1/2MS + 1.5% sucrose | – | [62] |
P. edmundui, P. rubra, P. alata, P. gibertii, and P. phohlii | Pollen grain | SM + 30% sucrose | Pollen tube germination |  |  | [63] |
P. miniata Mast. | Zygotic embryo | MS + 0.01% Inositol + 3.33 μΜ BAP + 2.27 μΜTDZ and 2.32 μΜ KIN | Embryogenic callus | MS + 3.33 μΜ BAP | MS salts | [64] |
P. alata Curtis, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., and P. gibertii N.E. Brown | Zygotic embryo | MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 4.5 μΜBAP + 13.6/18.11 μΜ 2,4-D | Callus, somatic embryo | – | 1/2 MS-free hormones | [65] |
P. cincinnata Mast | Zygotic embryo | MS + 0.01% Inositol, 18.11 µM 2,4-D + 4.5 μΜ BAP | Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo | MS + activated charcoal | MS Free PGRs medium | [66] |
P. miniata Vanderpl, P. speciosa Gardn | Imature zygotic embryo | MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol | Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo | – | MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.1% Inositol + 3.0% Activated charcoal | [67] |
P. alat | Hypocotyl | MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP; 23.95 μΜ AgNO3 | Organogenesis | – | – | [74] |
P. cincinnata Mast | Anther | MS salt + B5 vitamins free hormones; 100 mg/L myo-Inositol | Somatic embryogenesis | – | – | [76] |
P. alata | Leaf disks, hypocotyl | MS + 2.27 μΜ TDZ; MS + 4.43 μM BAP + 2.27 μΜ TDZ, 23.5 µM AgNO3 | Organogenesis | MSM + GA3 | 1/2MSM | [59] |
P. edulis Sims | Mature zygotic embryo | MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 72.4 μΜ 2,4-D | Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo | MS + 4.5 μΜ BAP | MS + I = IAA-Asp | [112] |