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Table 1 Tissue culture for the organogenesis of passion fruit from different explant types and the clonal propagation of passion fruit via somatic embryo

From: Advances in micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, somatic hybridizations, genetic transformation and cryopreservation for Passiflora improvement

Species name

Explants source

Culture media and optimum PGR combination for shoot induction

Regeneration system

Elongation/prolifferation

PGR for root induction

References

P.edulis f. edulis* P. edulis f. flavicarpa

Leaf disks

MS + 8.88 μΜ BAP

Organogenesis

–

–

[5]

P. cincinnata Mast

Zygotic embryo

MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 16.22 μΜ2,4-D + 4.44 μΜ BAP

Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo

MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 1.5 g/L AC

MS salts + modified B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 1.5 g/L AC + 1.4 μΜ GA3

[38]

P. cristalina

Leaf disks, hypocotyls, cotyledon, root segment and endosperm

MS + 8.88 μΜ BAP (leaf and endosperm), MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP (hypocotyls, cotyledon) MS + 4.65 μΜ KN

Organogenesis

–

–

[39]

P. edulis

Bud segment

MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP, MS + 1.0 mg mTR; myo-Inositol & 170 mg/L NH2PO4

Organogenesis

–

0.54 μΜ NAA

[41]

P. edulis Sims

Internode

MS + 6.66 μΜ BAP + 5.37 μΜ NAA

Organogenesis

–

9.84 μΜ IBA

[42]

P. cincinnata Mast

Anther

MS + 9.1 μΜ 2,4-D/18.2 μΜ 2,4-D + 4.44 μΜ BAP

Somatic embryogenesis

–

–

[57]

P. suberosa L.

Leaf disks, nodal and intermodal segments

MSM + 44.44 μΜ BAP

Organogenesis

–

1/2MSM

[58]

P. edulis f. edulis* P. edulis f. flavicarpa

Leaf disks

MS + 6.66 μΜ BAP; 1.11 μΜ TDZ; 23.5 μM AgNO3

Organogenesis

MSM + coconut water; MSM + GA3

–

[60]

P. alata

Leaf disks, hypocotyls segment

MS + 2.27 μΜ TDZ + 23.5 μΜ AgNO3

 

MSM + GA3

½ MSM

[59]

P. edulis Sims

Endosperm

MS + 4.5 μΜ BAP and 9.0 μΜ TDZ; 100 mg/L myo-Inositol

Organogenesis

MS

–

[61]

P. suberosa L.

Root segments

9.0 μΜ BAP

Organogenesis

1/2MS + 1.5% sucrose

–

[62]

P. edmundui, P. rubra, P. alata, P. gibertii, and P. phohlii

Pollen grain

SM + 30% sucrose

Pollen tube germination

  

[63]

P. miniata Mast.

Zygotic embryo

MS + 0.01% Inositol + 3.33 μΜ BAP + 2.27 μΜTDZ and 2.32 μΜ KIN

Embryogenic callus

MS + 3.33 μΜ BAP

MS salts

[64]

P. alata Curtis, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. edulis Sims, P. foetida L., and P. gibertii N.E. Brown

Zygotic embryo

MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 4.5 μΜBAP + 13.6/18.11 μΜ 2,4-D

Callus, somatic embryo

–

1/2 MS-free hormones

[65]

P. cincinnata Mast

Zygotic embryo

MS + 0.01% Inositol, 18.11 µM 2,4-D + 4.5 μΜ BAP

Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo

MS + activated charcoal

MS Free PGRs medium

[66]

P. miniata Vanderpl, P. speciosa Gardn

Imature zygotic embryo

MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol

Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo

–

MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.1% Inositol + 3.0% Activated charcoal

[67]

P. alat

Hypocotyl

MS + 4.44 μΜ BAP; 23.95 μΜ AgNO3

Organogenesis

–

–

[74]

P. cincinnata Mast

Anther

MS salt + B5 vitamins free hormones; 100 mg/L myo-Inositol

Somatic embryogenesis

–

–

[76]

P. alata

Leaf disks, hypocotyl

MS + 2.27 μΜ TDZ; MS + 4.43 μM BAP + 2.27 μΜ TDZ, 23.5 µM AgNO3

Organogenesis

MSM + GA3

1/2MSM

[59]

P. edulis Sims

Mature zygotic embryo

MS salts + B5 vitamins + 0.01% Inositol + 72.4 μΜ 2,4-D

Embryogenic callus, somatic embryo

MS + 4.5 μΜ BAP

MS + I = IAA-Asp

[112]