Fig. 1From: Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerancePhytohormone interactions play a crucial role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under biotic stress, the interaction between salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stomata opening, while jasmonic acid (JA) induces ABA transport from leaves to roots. During abiotic stress, ABA is synthesized in roots and transported through the xylem, while SA blocks indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to balance growth and defense, and ethylene (ET) inhibits JA to promote IAA synthesis and transport from roots to leavesBack to article page