Fig. 10

Quantification of local root traits. Initial angle (A), total length (B), the average diameter (C), visible number of nodal roots (D), and stem diameter (E) for mature maize at two sampling stages (filling stage and mature stage). Initial angle (F), total length (I), and average diameter (J) of lateral roots, and length (G) and average diameter (H) of the main root for two cultivars (NY22 and NZ1818) of mature rapeseed. Significant differences were assessed from three repeats by standard t-tests (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)