Fig. 4

Gas exchange parameters for TEJ-1 and TEJ-2. a Flag leaf assimilation, b Flag leaf transpiration, c panicle assimilation, and d panicle transpiration parameters for TEJ-1 and TEJ-2 under control and heat stress conditions at 4 and 10 DAF (A: net CO₂ assimilation; E: transpiration). n = 3–4 plants per data point. For statistics, student’s t-test was conducted separately for each genotype to compare each temperature treatment between the time points. Significant differences are indicated by different letters. Error bars represent ± SE