Fig. 1

Characteristic time of leaf photosynthesis. A Net photosynthesis rate changed when light change from 500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (− 20–0 s) to 1000 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (0–120 s). B Net photosynthesis rate changed when light change from 1000 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (− 20–0 s) to 500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ (0–120 s) Dash line indicated the standard deviation, n = 3. Solid red line is the fitting results. The fitting method of characteristic time is described in Methods