Table 1 Overview of primary literature on photoinjection in plant cells (in chronological order)
From: Laser-based molecular delivery and its applications in plant science
Publication | Target species | Laser/mode of action | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
Weber et al. [8] | Brassica napus L | λ = 343 nm, τP = 15 ns, EP = several mJ, single pulse, mechanism: photoablation | First report on photoinjection in plant cells, photoinjection of stained plasmid DNA |
Weber et al. [80] | Brassica napus L. cells and pollen grain | λ = 343 nm, τP = 17 ns, EP = several mJ, single pulse, mechanism: photoablation | Photoinjection of stained plasmid DNA in pollen grains and cells, cell wall and membrane were opened by two consecutive laser pulses |
Weber et al. [9] | Brassica napus L | λ = 343 nm, τP = 15 ns, EP = several mJ, single pulse, mechanism: photoablation | Injection of bisbenzimide stained plasmid DNA in isolated chloroplasts, resealing of the membrane was estimated within 1.2 s after laser treatment |
Guo et al. [69] | Oryza sativa L. cv. Japonica | λ = 355 nm, τP = 15 ns, EP = 0.2–1 mJ, frep = 10 Hz, scanning irradiation mode, mechanism: photoablation | Transformation frequency of 4.8 * 10–3, regeneration of transgenic plantlet under kanamycin selection was demonstrated |
Tirlapur & König [11] | Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia meristems | λ = 800 nm, τP = 180 fs, frep = 80 MHz, P = 9 mW, exposure time = 0.047 s, mechanism: photodisruption | First report of NIR fs laser photoinjection in plant cells, investigation of intercellular transport |
Awazu et al. [81] | Tobacco BY-2 | λ = 5.5, 5.75, and 6.1 µm, τP = approx. 10 ps, frep = bursts of 300 – 400 pulses at 100 Hz, exposure time = 100 s, optimal radiant exposure = 1.4 J/mm2 , mechanism: thermal | Wavelength corresponding to linear absorption peaks, transient expression of a reporter plasmid in max. 0.5% of the treated cells |
Badr et al. [16] | Calli of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Giza 164 | λ = 308 nm, τP = 6 ns, EP = 2–4 mJ, frep = 200 Hz, scanning irradiation mode, mechanism: photoablation | Photoinjection of a 2.09 kb GUS vector, regeneration of 3 transgenic plants from 600 GUS positive calli under bialaphos selection |
Schinkel et al. [64] | Tobacco BY-2 | λ = 1064 nm, τP = 392 – 460 nJ, EP = 17 ps, single pulse, mechanism: photodisruption | Only publication on the use of picosecond laser, efficiency for transient YFP expression approx. 2.5% |
LeBlanc et al. [63] | Arabidopsis epidermal cells | λ = 750 nm, τP = 200 fs, frep = 80 MHz, P = 5 – 100 mW, exposure time = 0,64 µs, mechanism: photochemical (LDP) | Calculation on the low-density plasma regime, efficiency for 10 kDa FITC-dextrans = approx. 68%, |
Mitchell et al. [70] | Tobacco BY-2 (mammalian CHO cells as reference) | λ = 800 nm, τP = 140 fs and sub 20 fs, frep = 80 MHz, exposure time = 40 ms, P = 70 mW (Gaussian beam) or 1.6 W (Bessel beam), mechanism: photodisruption | Comparison of different beam geometries (Gaussian beam with one or three foci, Bessel beam) and osmolar conditions, investigation of the dependence injection efficiency vs Stokes radius of the molecule |
Maeno et al. [82] | Euglena gracilis (microalgae) | λ = 800 nm, τP = 100 fs, EP = 80 nJ, frep = 1 kHz, scanning irradiation, mode (100 µm/s) mechanism: photodisruption | Delivery of a paramylon-binding aptamer-based fluorescent probe |
Rukmana et al. [68] | Tobacco BY-2 | λ = 800 nm, τP = 150 fs, EP = 80 nJ, single pulse mechanism: photodisruption | Delivery of 20 kDa and 2 MDa FITC-dextrans, enzymatic pretreatment of the cell wall |
Rukmana et al. [83] | Tobacco BY-2 | λ = 800 nm, τP = 150 fs, EP = 20 nJ, single pulse, mechanism: photodisruption | Delivery of polymeric particles (BODIPY, 80 nm) |
Rukmana et al. [84] | Tobacco BY-2 | λ = 800 nm, τP = 150 fs, EP = 20 nJ, single pulse, mechanism: photodisruption | Delivery of particles of 4 different diameters (3.2, 26.7, 80, 110 nm), investigation of intracellular and intercellular particle diffusion |