Fast anther dehiscence status recognition system established by deep learning to screen heat tolerant cotton

Tan, Zhihao; Shi, Jiawei; Lv, Rongjie; Li, Qingyuan; Yang, Jing; Ma, Yizan; Li, Yanlong; Wu, Yuanlong; Zhang, Rui; Ma, Huanhuan; Li, Yawei; Zhu, Li; Zhu, Longfu; Zhang, Xianlong; Kong, Jie; Yang, Wanneng; Min, Ling

doi:10.1186/s13007-022-00884-0

Plant Methods

Table 1 Screening of HT tolerant cotton germplasms using ensembl Faster R-CNN model

From: Fast anther dehiscence status recognition system established by deep learning to screen heat tolerant cotton

	Manual count						Machine count
	Normal temperature			High temperature			Normal temperature			High temperature
Variety	Open	Close	Dehiscent rate (%)	Open	Close	Dehiscent rate (%)	Open	Close	Dehiscent rate (%)	Open	Close	Dehiscent rate (%)
S001	39.5 ± 2.02	5.75 ± 0.94	87.17 ± 2.3	34.75 ± 4.21	15 ± 4.76	70.41 ± 8.26	38.25 ± 2.39	5.5 ± 1.32	87.31 ± 2.97	35.25 ± 2.92	13.75 ± 3.9	72.47 ± 6.85
S002	26.25 ± 3.49	17.25 ± 1.37	78.6 ± 2.25	9.25 ± 2.14	17 ± 2.2	65.68 ± 3.41	26.75 ± 3.75	7 ± 1.29	79.35 ± 2.25	17.25 ± 1.31	8.5 ± 1.76	68.06 ± 3.13
S003	42.25 ± 2.92	11.25 ± 2.01	78.84 ± 3.82	30 ± 6.17	4 ± 1.58	86.55 ± 5.03	40.25 ± 2.86	11 ± 1.87	78.54 ± 3.25	30.25 ± 5.76	5 ± 1.82	84.46 ± 5.56
S004	32.25 ± 2.28	3 ± 1.22	91.86 ± 3.02	27.25 ± 0.62	2 ± 0.91	93.27 ± 3.02	32.25 ± 2.28	2.25 ± 0.75	93.63 ± 1.92	27 ± 0.7	2.25 ± 0.75	92.4 ± 2.44
S005	27.25 ± 3.9	9.75 ± 3.94	77.32 ± 7.54	29.25 ± 2.81	18.25 ± 5.12	36.19 ± 5.06	26.75 ± 4.42	10.25 ± 3.59	74.14 ± 6.48	17.5 ± 4.13	29.25 ± 2.95	36.12 ± 4.43
S006	28.75 ± 1.38	6 ± 1.08	83.97 ± 2.31	18.25 ± 1.37	13 ± 4.22	61.04 ± 9.65	28.25 ± 1.44	5.5 ± 0.65	83.86 ± 1.01	18.5 ± 0.86	12.75 ± 3.9	61.75 ± 8.76
S007	20.75 ± 3.59	5.75 ± 1.75	76.92 ± 8.33	16.25 ± 2.53	11.5 ± 1.19	42.3 ± 4.65	19.75 ± 2.68	6 ± 1.68	76.08 ± 7.37	10.75 ± 0.63	18 ± 2.27	37.94 ± 1.81
S008	17 ± 3.08	6 ± 0	72.69 ± 3.06	12.25 ± 0.75	18.5 ± 1.19	39.95 ± 2.81	18.25 ± 3.25	5.75 ± 0.25	74.95 ± 2.57	10.5 ± 0.28	19.5 ± 0.64	35.03 ± 0.95
S009	25 ± 2.85	4.5 ± 1.7	86.35 ± 3.53	13.5 ± 0.5	17 ± 2.94	45.62 ± 5.17	22.5 ± 2.72	5.5 ± 1.5	80.64 ± 4.45	13.25 ± 0.75	15.5 ± 2.25	46.97 ± 4.96
S010	24.25 ± 2.56	5.5 ± 1.44	82.31 ± 3.49	12.5 ± 1.44	21.75 ± 2.17	36.39 ± 1.82	23.75 ± 2.75	6 ± 1.58	80.87 ± 3.52	11 ± 0.57	21.5 ± 1.93	34.04 ± 1.27
S011	24.25 ± 4.49	4 ± 0.91	85.81 ± 1.41	8 ± 2.85	24.5 ± 6.73	19.77 ± 7.44	23.5 ± 4.34	3.25 ± 0.62	87.28 ± 1.94	8 ± 2.67	23.25 ± 6.14	20.43 ± 7.04
S012	28.25 ± 2.52	2.5 ± 0.5	91.51 ± 1.97	0 ± 0	29.25 ± 8.6	0 ± 0	26.5 ± 1.84	2.25 ± 0.62	91.9 ± 2.57	0.5 ± 0.5	28 ± 8.33	4.545 ± 4.54
S013	27.5 ± 6.06	3.75 ± 0.75	86.79 ± 3.53	0.25 ± 0.25	45 ± 5.11	0.5 ± 0.5	24.75 ± 5.45	4.25 ± 0.47	84 ± 3.15	0 ± 0	43.75 ± 3.19	0 ± 0
S014	29.75 ± 4.53	6.75 ± 2.09	81.08 ± 5.81	3.25 ± 3.25	37.25 ± 1.88	7.22 ± 7.22	28.5 ± 3.79	6.5 ± 2.21	81.08 ± 6.17	3.75 ± 3.42	38 ± 2.44	8.164 ± 7.44
S015	32.25 ± 1.03	3.75 ± 1.1	90.01 ± 2.61	17.25 ± 4.26	20.75 ± 3.01	44.65 ± 8.45	31.5 ± 0.64	3.75 ± 1.1	89.76 ± 2.71	16.75 ± 3.49	18.75 ± 1.43	45.98 ± 5.93
S016	22.75 ± 3.47	4 ± 1.58	86.06 ± 6.08	14.75 ± 0.63	7.25 ± 1.03	67.39 ± 3.2	22.25 ± 3.19	4.5 ± 1.19	83.23 ± 4.37	14 ± 0.58	7.5 ± 1.04	65.48 ± 3.34
S017	32.75 ± 2.39	8.25 ± 4.44	81.68 ± 9.2	12.5 ± 1.04	22.25 ± 4.39	37.12 ± 3.56	32 ± 2.27	8.5 ± 4.42	80.75 ± 9.66	12.5 ± 1.19	22.25 ± 3.68	36.64 ± 2.97
S018	31.5 ± 1.5	2.25 ± 0.47	93.42 ± 1.31	10.75 ± 0.95	21 ± 2.35	34.07 ± 1.61	30.5 ± 0.95	2.75 ± 0.47	91.75 ± 1.32	12.75 ± 0.75	21 ± 1.08	37.82 ± 2.19
S019	22.75 ± 1.03	3.25 ± 1.18	88.39 ± 4.22	14.25 ± 1.49	10 ± 1.63	58.91 ± 5.47	22 ± 0.91	3.5 ± 1.32	87.41 ± 4.48	13.75 ± 1.11	10.5 ± 1.85	57.4 ± 4.71
S020	29 ± 3.1	4.25 ± 1.18	86.98 ± 3.78	0.75 ± 0.48	29.5 ± 8.53	3.55 ± 2.8	26.25 ± 1.93	3.75 ± 1.03	87.58 ± 3.06	0.5 ± 0.5	30 ± 6.94	2.63 ± 2.63
S021	28 ± 0.41	3 ± 1.08	90.58 ± 3.16	10.75 ± 3.09	22.75 ± 6.34	32.5 ± 6.02	29.57 ± 0.85	3 ± 0.91	90.96 ± 2.6	9.75 ± 2.93	23 ± 5.4	29.34 ± 4.63
S022	29.5 ± 5.1	2 ± 0.91	93.95 ± 2.75	0.25 ± 0.25	45.25 ± 3.09	0.51 ± 0.51	28 ± 4.45	1.75 ± 1.03	94.65 ± 3.17	0 ± 0	43.75 ± 3.19	0 ± 0
S023	26.25 ± 2.09	2.5 ± 0.28	91.06 ± 1.51	0.5 ± 0.28	43.25 ± 6.42	1.045 ± 0.6	25.25 ± 1.37	2.5 ± 0.28	90.91 ± 1.19	0.5 ± 0.28	43.5 ± 6.33	0.994 ± 0.57
S024	30 ± 4.65	6.75 ± 1.7	80.44 ± 5.82	0.75 ± 0.48	37.75 ± 2.66	2.07 ± 1.43	28.5 ± 3.79	6.5 ± 2.21	81.08 ± 6.17	0.75 ± 0.75	38.5 ± 3.88	2.34 ± 2.34
S025	18.75 ± 3.32	7 ± 0.7	71.34 ± 5.16	13.5 ± 0.65	21.75 ± 3.33	39.36 ± 4.57	19.25 ± 3.17	8.5 ± 1.19	68.31 ± 5.9	14.5 ± 0.29	22.75 ± 3.17	39.82 ± 3.47
S026	32.5 ± 1.04	3.75 ± 1.1	89.99 ± 2.76	3 ± 1.68	41.75 ± 7.9	9.35 ± 6.76	31.5 ± 0.64	3.75 ± 1.1	89.76 ± 2.71	3 ± 2.34	42.25 ± 8.73	9.669 ± 8.28
S027	23 ± 3.82	4.75 ± 1.37	83.29 ± 3.76	13.5 ± 1.19	7.25 ± 0.75	65.03 ± 2.37	22.25 ± 3.19	4.5 ± 1.19	83.23 ± 4.37	14 ± 0.58	7.5 ± 1.04	65.48 ± 3.44
S028	31.25 ± 2.89	4.25 ± 1.49	87.53 ± 4.6	5.25 ± 1.93	20.5 ± 3.96	19.19 ± 4.81	31 ± 1.87	4.75 ± 1.18	86.58 ± 3.46	5.25 ± 2.75	21.25 ± 4.47	14.49 ± 7.04
S029	9.25 ± 3.07	2.75 ± 0.25	72.05 ± 6.26	0.5 ± 0.5	10 ± 0.82	3.57 ± 3.57	8.5 ± 3.18	2.5 ± 0.29	71.18 ± 6.45	0.5 ± 0.29	10 ± 0.91	4.42 ± 2.6
S030	21.75 ± 2.8	4.25 ± 0.25	83.15 ± 1.67	11.25 ± 0.25	18.25 ± 0.48	38.15 ± 0.57	20.75 ± 1.93	4 ± 0.4	83.79 ± 1.07	11.25 ± 0.85	17 ± 1.35	39.87 ± 0.67
Average	27.2 ± 0.36	4.95 ± 0.55	84.35 ± 1.23	11.21 ± 0.77	22.03 ± 0.96	35.46 ± 1.61	26.25 ± 0.31	4.98 ± 0.5	83.81 ± 1.17	11.11 ± 0.68	21.97 ± 0.81	35.08 ± 1.76

Open: the average number of dehiscent anthers from different flowers, n > 4
Close: the average number of indehiscent anthers from different flowers, n > 4
Dehiscent rate: the number of dehiscent anthers of each flower/(the number of dehiscent anthers of each flower + the number of indehiscent anthers of each flower), n > 4
Bold values indicate the anther dehiscence rate of S003 and S004 was still more than 85% under HT stress, which was significantly improved compared with that of the other lines

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