Layering contrasting photoselective filters improves the simulation of foliar shade

Table 2 Average data collected under either full sun or foliar shade

Site	R:FR^a	PPE^b	B:G^c	PPF reduction^d	UV-A PF^e
				%	µmol m⁻² s⁻¹
Full sun^f	1.18 ± 0.03^g	0.72 ± 0.00	0.87 ± 0.01	–	85.18 ± 7.98
Maple grove-southern row	0.38 ± 0.07	0.57 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.06	94.0 ± 1.4	12.74 ± 1.79
Oak grove	0.46 ± 0.06	0.60 ± 0.01	1.05 ± 0.07	95.0 ± 0.8	9.02 ± 1.17
Northern forest edge	0.23 ± 0.06	0.48 ± 0.04	0.79 ± 0.05	97.8 ± 0.5	3.33 ± 0.28
Southern forest edge	0.22 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.03	0.82 ± 0.03	98.0 ± 0.8	2.78 ± 0.14
Maple grove-northern row	0.11 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.04	0.77 ± 0.03	99.0 ± 0.0	1.58 ± 0.24
Within a forest	0.14 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.04	99.0 ± 0.0	0.90 ± 0.15
Under wheat	0.34 ± 0.08	0.53 ± 0.06	0.76 ± 0.07	93.3 ± 0.3	6.40 ± 0.99
Under barley	0.54 ± 0.09	0.62 ± 0.03	0.73 ± 0.03	78.7 ± 5.8	1.79 ± 0.55
Under canola	0.20 ± 0.08	0.46 ± 0.06	0.53 ± 0.07	93.6 ± 2.5	0.45 ± 0.20

^aR:FR = 655–665/725–735
^bPPE = Phytochrome photoequilibria
^cB:G = 420–490/500–570
^dPPF reduction = Percent reduction in PPF relative to full sun. Full sun PPF was on average 1617 ± 209 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹
^eUV-A PF = Photon flux between 340 and 399 nm
^fSite description
^gMean ± standard deviation; Data are presented as the average from the following dates for each site: 28 May, 13 June, 2 July, and 6 July for 2018 (full sun, sites 1–4, and site 6), 30 May, 31 May, 12 June, and 11 Aug. 2020 (site 5), 2 and 6 July 2018 (wheat), and 23 April 2018 (barley and canola). Data were acquired between 13:00 and 14:00 h on clear sky or mostly sunny days only

ISSN: 1746-4811