Fig. 1

Construction of vacuum agroinfiltration in Ricinus communis seedling. A Castor bean seeds were immersed in water in 500 mL beaker for 24 h at 27 ± 1 °C. B, C Seeds were sowed in wet vermiculite. D, E Seeds were cultured while maintaining humidity for 6 days. F Seedlings with stems 3.0 ± 0.2 cm across, were selected and endosperm (20 mm length) carefully removed. G Endosperm-excised seedlings were placed in Agrobacterium suspension in 250 mL bottles of plant tissue culture. Vacuum infiltration was at 0.09 MPa for 20 min. H Seedlings were soaked in Hogland solution and cultured at 18 °C in dark for 72 h. I eGFP were observed under UV light. J–L The eGFP signal observed at 100× magnification by laser confocal microscopy under fluorescence, bright, and merged fields