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Table 4 Statistic metrics of number of branches and volume where RMSE is the root mean square error, RRMSE is the relative RMSE, ASE is the average systematic error, and MPSE is the mean percent standard error

From: 4D Structural root architecture modeling from digital twins by X-Ray Computed Tomography

Parameter

Root

RMSE

RRMSE (%)

ASE (%)

MPSE (%)

# branches [number]

Tomato

2.48

8.76

1.37

1.67

Corn

1.76

8.31

5.94

0.44

Total volume [mm3]

Tomato

1087.66

36.92

-29.01

0.48

Corn

4470.03

25.11

-23.63

2.86