Fig. 5

Sensitivity segmentation quality to four segmentation parameters by F1-score. a Kernel size used for morphological opening operation on binary plant masks to yield blade and petiole separation. b Kernel size of Laplacian operator to detect edges. c Binary threshold on the calculated Laplacian operator to segment thinnest vasculature. d Binary threshold on the calculated Laplacian operator to segment wider vasculature. Values on the X-axis with asterisk are used for all analyses. Substructures are indicated in orange (petiole), violet (leaf margin), lilac (leaf vasculature; vein) and green (interveinal tissue; tissue)