Skip to main content

Table 1 Phenological condition and cold hardiness of (A) maple and (B) oak species

From: Standardization of electrolyte leakage data and a novel liquid nitrogen control improve measurements of cold hardiness in woody tissue

Species

Condition

Critical Values for Electrolyte Leakage

Visual LT50, ℃

LST, ℃

LTE, ℃

Anderson

Flint

Limlogistic

Limgompertz

Limgompertz

LT50, ℃

LT50, ℃

LT50, ℃

LT50, ℃

LTmax, ℃

(A). Maple (Acer) data from the present study

A. saccharum

Dormant

− 28b

− 28b

− 26 cd

− 26 cd

− 21bc

− 29ab

− 33ab

− 36bc

A. pseudoplatanus

Dormant

− 20ab

− 20ab

− 22bc

− 22bcd

− 18abc

− 30ab

− 33ab

− 38 cd

A. rubrum

Budbreak

− 16ab

− 16ab

− 17ab

− 17ab

− 14ab

− 18a

− 17a

− 35b

A. platanoides

Dormant

− 25ab

− 24ab

− 25bcd

− 25bcd

− 20bc

− 27ab

− 30ab

− 35b

A. campestre

Dormant

− 25ab

− 25b

− 32d

− 33d

− 26c

− 36b

− 40b

− 37 cd

A. hyrcanum

Dormant

− 23b

− 23ab

− 23bc

− 23bcd

− 18abc

− 30ab

− 33ab

− 36ab

A. tataricum

Bud swelling

− 18ab

− 18ab

− 19abc

− 19abc

− 14ab

− 19a

− 20ab

− 36bcd

A. tegmentosum

Budbreak

− 18ab

− 17ab

− 18abc

− 18abc

− 14ab

− 17a

− 23ab

− 36bcd

A. caudatifolium

Budbreak

− 12a

− 12a

− 13a

− 13a

− 11a

− 20a

− 20ab

− 20a

A. davidii

Bud swelling

− 17ab

− 18ab

− 19abc

− 20abc

− 16ab

− 21a

− 27ab

− 20a

A. spicatum

Dormant

− 20ab

− 21ab

− 20abc

− 21abc

− 16ab

− 27ab

− 23ab

− 38d

A. negundo

Dormant

− 27b

− 27b

− 24bcd

− 26bcd

− 18abc

− 20a

− 23ab

− 36bcd

(B). Oak (Quercus) data from Fallon and Cavender-Bares (2018)

    

Published LT50, ℃

N

Q. arizonica

Acclimated

− 22b

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 18b

− 34

39

Unacclimated

− 12a

− 12a

− 12a

− 12a

− 10a

− 16

44

Q. emoryi

Acclimated

− 26c

− 26d

− 25d

− 26d

− 23c

− 29

12

Unacclimated

− 14a

− 14a

− 14a

− 14a

− 11a

− 15

10

Q. gambelii

Acclimated

− 22b

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 18b

− 33

17

Unacclimated

− 11a

− 11a

− 12a

− 12a

− 10a

− 20

16

Q. grisea

Acclimated

− 25bc

− 25 cd

− 25 cd

− 26 cd

− 23c

Not calculated

2

Unacclimated

− 16ab

− 15ab

− 15ab

− 15ab

− 12ab

Not calculated

2

Q. hypoleucoides

Acclimated

− 22b

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 21bc

− 18b

− 23

39

Unacclimated

− 13a

− 13a

− 13a

− 13a

− 11a

− 13

40

Q. rugosa

Acclimated

− 24bc

− 23 cd

− 23 cd

− 23 cd

− 19bc

− 32

16

Unacclimated

− 13a

− 13a

− 13a

− 13a

− 11a

− 17

17

  1. Phenological condition at sampling and critical values of cold hardiness for electrolyte leakage, lowest survival temperatures (LSTs), and low temperature exotherms (LTEs) for A) maple species (n = 3) and B) oak species-acclimation combinations (sample size and originally published critical values as noted; Fallon and Cavender-Bares, 2018). In cases for which differences among species are significant, superscripts indicate results of a Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Samples vary in phenological condition at the time of sampling. Maples were sampled at various points ranging from dormancy to post-budbreak in early spring. Oaks were sampled while either cold-acclimated (winter) or unaccclimated (summer)