Fig. 4

Testing heat shock stages. Heat shock treatments of plants at different developmental stages: 3 leaf stage (a–f), flag leaf emergence (g–l), and ear emergence (m–r). Heat shock was carried out at 38 °C for 2 h, and each panel shows the mCHERRY expression (i, magenta) and eGFP expression (ii, green). Tissues are imaged in pairs, showing the equivalent tissue without (left) and with (right) heat shock. a, b Leaf 3, c, d Leaf 5, e, f inflorescence meristem. g, h Flag leaf blade, i, j developing florets, k, l young awns. m, n stem epidermis below the inflorescence, o, p mature awn, q, r stigma. Scale bars 100 µm. At all developmental stages, plants were imaged four days after treatment