Table 1 The applications of VIS–NIR spectroscopy in the study of fruit tree phenotypes
From: Phenotypic techniques and applications in fruit trees: a review
Applications | Species | Scale | Spectral range | Devices | Detected parameters | Evaluation parameters | Advantages | Limitations | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indices | Performance evaluation | |||||||||
Pigment and nutrient contents | Apple orchard | L | 253–922 nm | Ocean Optics Fiber Spec | Chl | R = 0.91; RMSEP = 0.22 | Easy to operate; non-destructive for leaves | More samples lead to longer testing time | [31] | |
L | 350–2500 nm | FieldSpec 3 | Chl | R2 = 0.6213 | [30] | |||||
Vineyard | L | 350–1000 nm | Ocean Optics USB2000 | Chl | R2 = 0.8–0.9 | [33] | ||||
Carotenoid | SIPI | R2 = 0.49 | ||||||||
L | 350–2500 nm | FieldSpec3 | Moisture | R2 = 0.96 | [34] | |||||
N | R2 = 0.95 | |||||||||
Mg | R2 = 0.77 | |||||||||
Water stress | Citrus orchard | T | 350–2500 nm | FieldSpec Pro | Water status | R2 = 0.89 | Obtain the spectral value directly; not affected by sunlight conditions | Detection at the orchard level is limited | [36] | |
Olive orchard | T | 350–2500 nm | FieldSpec Pro | Ψleaf | NDGI | R2 = 0.57; RMSE = 0.37 | [37] | |||
MSI | R2 = 0.48; RMSE = 0.41 | |||||||||
L | Ψleaf | MSI | R2 = 0.45; RMSE = 0.72 | |||||||
NDWI | R2 = 0.45; RMSE = 0.75 | |||||||||
Vineyard | L | 350–2500 nm | FieldSpec4 | EWT | R2 = 0.681 | [39] | ||||
T | 325–1075 nm | FieldSpec Handheld2 | Ψpd | VARI | R2 = 0.79; | [38] | ||||
NDGI | R2 = 0.79; | |||||||||
L | 1600–2400 nm | Micro PHAZIR | Ψs | Rcv = 0.77–0.93 | [40] | |||||
RWC | Rcv = 0.66–0.81 | |||||||||
T | 1100–2100 nm | NIR Spec | gs | R2 = 0.95 | [41] | |||||
T | 1100–2100 nm | PSS 2120 | Ψs | R2 = 0.86 | [42] | |||||
gs | R2 = 0.66 | |||||||||
T | 1100–2100 nm | PSS 2120 | Ψs | R2 = 0.68–0.85 | [43] | |||||
Biochemical parameters | Mango orchard | F | 302–1148 nm | FieldSpec | TSS | R2 = 0.72 | The method of data processing is simple | Interfered by the non-targets’ spectral information | [45] | |
TA | R2 = 0.64 | |||||||||
Vineyard | F | 570–900 nm | PSS 1050 | TSS | R2 = 0.95 | [46] | ||||
Anthocyanins | R2 = 0.79 | |||||||||
Polyphenols | R2 = 0.43 | |||||||||