Fig. 6

Diurnal variation image panoramas at three times of day on Jan 1st, 2018: morning (07:45), midday (12:11, solar noon) and afternoon (16:40) for the − 20° elevation scan angle. Subplots: a–c red reflectance ‘ρ Red’; d–f NIR reflectance ‘ρ NIR’; h–j NDVI calculated as (ρ NIR − ρ Red)/(ρ NIR + ρ Red) [59]; k–m range corrected canopy temperature; g, h display the pixel column averages of the panels in each column above. Sun positions for each acquisition (azimuth, elevation): morning (98°, 31°), midday (0°, 77°), afternoon (− 97°, 31°). Time of day in UTC + 10