Machine learning for high-throughput field phenotyping and image processing provides insight into the association of above and below-ground traits in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Table 1 Field experimental conditions and images acquisition

Trial conditions and images acquisition	Trial one (Dec. 2016–Nov. 2017)	Trial two (Dec. 2017–Dec. 2018)
Irrigation	Surface irrigation	Drip irrigation
Soil type	Clay loam	Clay loam
Experimental design	Split plot design	Randomized complete block design
No. of replication	3	4
Average annual precipitation (mm)	1435.10	1026.50
Average annual temperature (°C)	24.00	23.33
Total solar radiation (W/m²)	207.8	222.39
Average annual relative humidity (%)	81.30	78.90
Image acquisition Stages	EL, LBK and DMA:	EL, EBK, LBK and DMA

The following definitions are related to cassava storage root development phases: Elongation (EL) stage is the initial growth phase of active fibrous root development. Early bulking (EBK) is the root differentiation (from fibrous and storage roots) phase, the beginning of storage root bulking and accumulation of assimilated reserves in the storage roots. Late bulking (LBK) stage is the rapid expansion and bulking of storage roots. Dry matter accumulation (DMA) stage is the starch accumulation in the storage roots

ISSN: 1746-4811