Fig. 5From: An efficient in vitro regeneration system from different wild apple (Malus sieversii) explantsEffect of dark treatment on callus development in leaf explants orientated adaxially and abaxially on SIM M32. a Regeneration frequency of shoots produced from leaf callus when leaf explants were placed on the medium on their adaxial or abaxial side. b Regeneration frequency obtained from 30-day-old leaf explants pre-treated in the dark for 1, 2 and 3 weeksBack to article page