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Table 1 List of five categories 28 phenotypic traits of stem obtained by automated image processing pipeline

From: Phenotyping analysis of maize stem using micro-computed tomography at the elongation and tasseling stages

Phenotypic types

Description

Units

Intensity-based

Average intensity (AI)

Gray-level

Geometry-based (dimensional)

Width (W)

mm

Height (H)

mm

Main axis length (MAL)

mm

Main axis width (MAW)

mm

Circumcircle radius (CR)

mm

Inscribed circle radius (ICR)

mm

Area (A)

mm2

Perimeter (P)

mm

Convex hull area (CHA)

mm2

Geometry-based (dimensionless)

Rectangularity (RA), \({\text{RA}} = \frac{{\text{A}}}{{{\text{MAL}} \times {\text{MAW}}}}\)

Aspect ratio (AR), \({\text{AR}} = \frac{MAW}{{MAL}}\)

Circularity (CIR), \({\text{CIR}} = \frac{4\pi \cdot A}{{P^{2} }}\)

Eccentricity (ECC), \({\text{ECC}} = \frac{{\sqrt {MAL^{2} - MAW^{2} } }}{MAL}\)

Sphericity (SPH), \({\text{SPH}} = \frac{{{\text{ICR}}}}{{{\text{CR}}}}\)

Convexity (CV), \({\text{CV}} = \frac{A}{CHA}\)

Distribution-based

Distance from vascular bundle to stem center (DC)

mm

Layer-based (equal-distance, equal-area)

Area of each layer (AEL)

mm2

Number of vascular bundles in each layer (NVBEL)

Area of vascular bundles in each layer (AVBEL)

mm2

Voronoi area of vascular bundle in each layer (VAVBEL)

mm2

Growth-based (epidermis, periphery, inner)

Area of each function zone (AEFZ)

mm2

Number of vascular bundles in periphery zone (NVBPZ)

Number of vascular bundles in inner zone (NVBIZ)

Area of vascular bundles in periphery zone (AVBPZ)

mm2

Area of vascular bundles in inner zone (AVBIZ)

mm2

Voronoi area of vascular bundle in periphery zone (VAVPZ)

mm2

Voronoi area of vascular bundle in inner zone (VAVIZ)

mm2