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Fig. 1 | Plant Methods

Fig. 1

From: An efficient system composed of maize protoplast transfection and HPLC–MS for studying the biosynthesis and regulation of maize benzoxazinoids

Fig. 1

Biosynthesis and compartmentalization of benzoxazinoids in maize. The biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids starts from the conversion of the indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole in the chloroplasts, which is catalyzed by BX1. The four cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, BX2 to BX5, function consecutively to synthesize DIBOA. UDP-glucosyltransferase BX8 or BX9 uses DIBOA to form DIBOA-Glc in the cytoplasm. DIBOA-Glc is further hydroxylated by the BX6 and subsequent methylated by the BX7 to yield DIMBOA-Glc. The DIMBOA-Glc is then converted to HDMBOA-Glc by the O-methyltransferases, BX10, BX11, BX12, or BX14. BX13 catalyzes the conversion of DIMBOA-Glc to TRIMBOA-Glc, and the latter can be O-methylated by BX7 to form DIM2BOA-Glc, which can be further methylated by BX14 to generate HDM2BOA-Glc. Benzoxazinoids are mainly stored as glucosides in the vacuoles, and upon injury, the glucosides are enzymatically hydrolyzed into the respective aglucones and sugars

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Plant Methods

ISSN: 1746-4811