Fig. 5From: A cell death assay in barley and wheat protoplasts for identification and validation of matching pathogen AVR effector and plant NLR immune receptorsSchematic representation of tissue preparation for isolation of mesophyll protoplasts from wheat or barley leaf. Step 1: Selected leaf is placed onto soft surface adaxial leaf facing upwards. Using a razor blade, gentle pressure is applied at the middle part of the leaf to cut through adaxial epidermis and mesophyll tissue without cutting through abaxial epidermis. Step 2: Tip of the leaf is pulled down to remove abaxial epidermis from the base half of the leaf. Step 3: The base half of the leaf with abaxial epidermis removed, is cut in half and bottom part is transferred into Protoplast Isolation Buffer in step 4 and buffer is vacuum infiltrated in step 5Back to article page