Fig. 4

Effects of viral infection on PSII in sweetpotato plants were characterized by ChlF and TIR imaging. Graphs indicate observed data ± SE (n = 7–10) along with a line that shows the data-fitted model indicating the effect trend of viral infection over 29 dpt in wild-type and transgenic sweetpotato plants that were treated differentially. Tables on the right display data-fitted model mean values of the six groups clustered into different subsets (Subs.) by Tukey’s HSD test according to their significance (Sig.). A–D, the PSII response was assessed by ФPSII (A), qP (B), QY_max (C), and NPQ (d). E The leaf temperature effect was monitored by TIR imaging