Fig. 2From: Utilizing trait networks and structural equation models as tools to interpret multi-trait genome-wide association studiesPictorial representation of trait network and SNP effects (\(\hat{s}\)) using the structural equation model for four traits. Unidirectional arrows indicate the direction of effects and bidirectional arrows represent genetic correlations (g) among phenotypes. PSA: Projected shoot area; RB: root biomass; WU: water use; WUE: water use efficiency; \(\epsilon\): residualBack to article page