Fig. 1

Photos of Bougainvillea spectabilis samples. a Bougainvillea spectabilis used for picking leaves. b Typical leaf. c Single branch of Bougainvillea spectabilis. Three leaves in a black circle from left to right were used for subsequent testing, corresponding to d–f, respectively. g Typical damaged leaf with a perforation (h) and some yellow mottling (i, j). Bars in b, d–g = 1 cm; c = 5 cm; h–j = 3 mm