From: Hyperspectral imaging for seed quality and safety inspection: a review
Seed | Spectral rangea | Varieties | Sample numbers | Features | Signal mode | Data analysis strategies | Main application type | Classification result (highest accuracy) | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectra/image | Extraction/selection methods | Analysis level | Classification/regression methods | ||||||||
Barley, wheat and sorghum | 1000–2498 | 1 variety of each kind of grain | 150 of each kind of grain | Spectra | PCA | Reflectance | PWb prediction map and OWc (single kernels) | – | Grain topography classification | – | Manley et al. [19] |
Black bean | 390–1050 (501–1000) | 3 | 300 | Spectra and image | SPA, PCA, GLCM | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA, SVM | Variety classification | 98.33% (PLS-DA) | Sun et al. [15] |
Grape seed | 897–1752 (914–1715) | 3 varieties, two growth soil | 56 | Spectra | PCA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels), PW PCA and prediction map | GDA | Assess Stage of maturation of grape seeds | > 95% | RodrÃguez-Pulido et al. [22] |
Grape seed | 874–1734 (975–1646) | 3 | 43,357 | Spectra and image | PCA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | SVM | Variety classification | 94.30% | Zhao et al. [26] |
Maize | 874–1734 (972–1642) | 2 (transgenic and non-transgenic) | 2100 | Spectra | PCA, CARS | Reflectance | PW PCA and prediction map, OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA, SVM | Transgenic and non-transgenic classification | 99.5% (PLS-DA) | Feng et al. [24] |
Maize | 400–1000 | 4 varieties, 3 crop years | 3600 | Spectra | no | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LS-SVM | Variety classification | 91.50% | Guo et al. [12] |
Maize | 400–1000 | 4 varieties, 3 crop years | 2000 | Spectra | no | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LS-SVM | Variety classification | 94.80% | He et al. [13] |
Maize | 400–1000 | 4 varieties, 3 crop years | 2000 | Spectra | no | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LS-SVM | Variety classification | 94.40% | Huang et al. [11] |
Maize | 400–1000 (400–1000) | 17 | 1632 | Spectra and image | PCA, SPA, GLCM, MDS | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LS-SVM | Variety classification | 94.40% | Huang et al. [17] |
Maize | 1000–2500 | 18 | 36 | Spectra and image | PCA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels), PW PCA and prediction map | PLS-DA | Textural, vitreous, floury and the third type endosperm | 85% (PLS-DA) | Manley et al. [20] |
Maize | 975–2570 (1101–2503) | 3 hardness | 115 | Spectra and image | PCA | Reflectance | PW PCA and prediction map, OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA | Hardness classification | 97% (PLS-DA) | Williams and Kucheryavskiy [18] |
Maize | 874–1734 (924–1657) | 14 | 1120 | Spectra | joint skewness-based wavelength selection | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | LS-SVM | Variety classification | 98.18% | Yang et al. [7] |
Maize | 874–1734 (975–1646) | 3 | 12,900 | Spectra and image | PCA | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | SVM, RBFNN | Variety classification | 93.85% (RBFNN) | Zhao et al. [25] |
Maize | 380–1030 (500–900) | 6 | 330 | Spectra and image | PCA, KPCA, GLCM | Reflectance | OW (bulk samples) | LS-SVM, BPNN, PCA, KPCs | Classes classification | 98.89% (PCA-GLCM-LS-SVM) | Zhang et al. [78] |
Rice | 390–1050 (500–951) | 4 origins | 240 | Spectra and image | PCA, GLCM | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | SVM | Variety classification | 91.67% | Sun et al. [16] |
Rice | 874–1734 (1039–1612) | 4 | 225 | Spectra | PLS-DA, PCA | Reflectance | PW PCA and OW (bulk samples) | KNN, PLS-DA, SIMCA, SVM, RF | Seed cultivars classification | 100% (SIMCA, SVM, and RF) | Kong et al. [5] |
Soybean, maize and rice | 400–1000 (400–1000) | 3 of each kind of seed | 225 of each kind of seed | Spectra | neighborhood mutual information | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | ELM, RF | Variety classification | 100% (ELM) | Liu et al. [8] |
Waxy corn | 400–1000 (430–980) | 4 | 600 | Spectra and image | SPA, GLCM | Reflectance | OW (single kernels) | PLS-DA, SVM | Variety classification | 98.2% (SVM) | Yang et al. [14] |
Wheat | 960–1700 (960–1700) | 8 | 2400 | Image | WT, STEPDISC, PCA | Reflectance | PW and OW (bulk samples) | BPNN, LDA, QDA | Classes classification | 99.1% (LDA) | Choudhary et al. [79] |
Wheat | 960–1700 (960–1700) | 8 | 2400 | Spectra | STEPDISC | Reflectance | OW (bulk samples) | LDA, QDA, Standard BPNN, Wardnet BPNN | Variety classification | 94–100% (LDA) | Mahesh et al. [6] |
Wheat | 960–1700 (960–1700) | 5 | 2500 | Spectra | STEPDISC | Reflectance | PW PCA and OW (bulk samples) | LDA, QDA | Classes classification | 90–100% (LDA) | Mahesh et al. [9] |