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Table 6 Summary of vegetation indices derived from the aerial orthophotos for the estimation of aboveground biomass in wheat

From: Improved estimation of aboveground biomass in wheat from RGB imagery and point cloud data acquired with a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle system

Index

Name

Formulation

References

VARI

Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index

\({\text{VARI}} = \frac{g - r}{g + r - b}\)

Gitelson et al. [46]

ExG

Excess Green Index

ExG = 2 * g − r − b

Woebbecke et al. [47]

ExR

Excess Red Vegetation Index

\({\text{ExR}} = \frac{1.4R - G}{G + R + B}\)

Meyer et al. [48]

ExB

Excess Blue Vegetation Index

\({\text{ExB}} = \frac{1.4*B - G}{G + R + B}\)

Mao et al. [49]

ExGR

Excess Green minus Excess Red

ExGR = ExG–ExR

Neto et al. [50]

GRVI

Green Red Vegetation Index

\({\text{GRVI}} = \frac{G - R}{G + R}\)

Tucker et al. [51]

MGRVI

Modified Green Red Vegetation Index

\({\text{MGRVI}} = \frac{{G^{2} - R^{2} }}{{G^{2} + R^{2} }}\)

Bendig et al. [6]

GLI

Green Leaf Index

\({\text{GLI}} = \frac{2*g - r - b}{ - r - b}\)

Louhaichi et al. [52]

RGBVI

Red Green Blue Vegetation Index

\({\text{RGBVI}} = \frac{{G^{2} - B*R}}{{G^{2} + B*R}}\)

Bendig et al. [6]

IKAW

Kawashima Index

\({\text{IKAW}} = \frac{R - B}{R + B}\)

Kawashima et al. [53]

  1. R, G and B represent the digital number of red, green and blue channels, respectively. r = R/(R + G + B), g = G/(R + G + B), b = B/(R + G + B)