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Table 3 Some examples of thermotherapy followed by in vitro micrografting or shoot tip cryotherapy for virus eradication

From: In vitro thermotherapy-based methods for plant virus eradication

Methods

Plant species and cultivars or genotypes

Viruses

Size of shoot tips (mm)

Survival of the treated shoots (%)

Success (%) of micrografting or shoot regrowth (%) in cryotherapy

Virus-free frequency (%)

References

Thermotherapy + micrografting

Citrus ‘Early satsuma mandarin’, ‘Yuzu’, ‘Shiranuhi’

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), satsuma dwarf virus (SDV), citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV)

0.3

NT

13–75

76 (CTV), 100 (SDV) and 83 (CTLV)

[35]

 

Citrus hybrid ‘Kinnow’

Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV)

0.7

42 (treatment of nodal segments at 50 °C for 120 min in water bath), 28 (exposure of nodal segments to 50 °C for 120 min of hot air) and NT (exposure of whole plants to 38 °C for 9 days in growth chamber)

38 (water bath), 26 (hot air) and 40 (growth chamber)

37 (water bath), 23 (hot air) and 59 (growth chamber)

[36]

 

Citrus ‘Ehimekashi dai28go’, ‘Setoka’, ‘Shiranuhi’, ‘Haraejosaeng’, ‘Pungkwang’, ‘Samdajosaeng’

CTV

NS

NT

NT

100

[37]

Thermotherapy + cryotherapy

Raspberry genotype ‘Z13’

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV)

1.0

NT

30

35

[22]

 

Garlic ‘Jonas’

OYDV, SYSV and GCLV

NS

NT

40

90 (OYDV)

100 (LYSV)

80 (GCLV)

[112]

 

Apple ‘Gala’, ‘Ruixue’, ‘Ruiyang’, ‘Nongguo 25’, ‘Fuji’and ‘M9’

ASGV

1.5

100

33–76

30–100

[23]

  1. NT not tested, NS not specified