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Table 2 In vitro rooting of T. garganica shoots on ½MS medium supplemented with different concentration of IAA, NAA and IBA after 6 weeks

From: Use of a temporary immersion bioreactor system for the sustainable production of thapsigargin in shoot cultures of Thapsia garganica

Treatment, plant growth regulators (mg/L)

Rooted shoots (%)

Number of roots per rooted shoot

Thapsigargin (mg/g dry weight)

Nortrilobolide (mg/g dry weight)

IAA

NAA

IBA

Shoots

Roots

Shoots

Roots

1

  

49a

4.09 ± 0.81c

3.56 ± 0.33ab

0.77 ± 0.22a

13.54 ± 0.64a

8.27 ± 0.69a

2

  

56a

4.80 ± 0.87bc

3.32 ± 0.35abc

0.42 ± 0.08ab

11.57 ± 1.18a

6.22 ± 0.67a

4

  

64a

7.21 ± 0.87abc

3.21 ± 0.41abc

0.50 ± 0.07ab

9.27 ± 0.94a

7.63 ± 0.62a

 

1

 

53a

8.04 ± 1.14abc

2.24 ± 0.25bcd

0.38 ± 0.05bc

11.46 ± 0.99a

7.19 ± 0.84a

 

2

 

51a

11.04 ± 2.23ab

1.72 ± 0.32d

0.41 ± 0.05ab

9.24 ± 1.37a

8.41 ± 0.29a

 

4

 

49a

12.05 ± 2.08a

2.08 ± 0.21cd

0.30 ± 0.05bc

11.45 ± 0.49a

7.37 ± 0.66a

  

1

60a

6.07 ± 1.19abc

3.00 ± 0.22abcd

0.66 ± 0.12ab

11.51 ± 1.41a

8.70 ± 0.78a

  

2

62a

9.75 ± 1. 81abc

3.15 ± 0.21abc

0.48 ± 0.04ab

10.07 ± 0.87a

7.80 ± 0.62a

  

4

71a

8.21 ± 1.56abc

3.04 ± 0.24abcd

0.42 ± 0.07ab

11.89 ± 1.14a

7.87 ± 0.95a

Half strength MS

0b

0d

3.77 ± 0.36a

13.08 ± 0.92a

MS + 1.5 BAP + 0.5 NAA

0b

0d

2.20 ± 0.11cd

10.35 ± 0.53a

  1. After 8 weeks of rooting treatment, the samples were split into shoots and roots to quantify the amount of thapsigargin and nortrilobolide. Values represent mean ± SE. Different letters within a column indicate significant differences revealed after an ANOVA analysis followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p ≤ 0.05). n = 45 per treatment in number of roots; n = 6–9 for thapsigargin and nortrilobolide quantification