Fig. 7

PAs accumulation leads to decreased fungal biomass in transformed chickpea (JG-62) roots. a Levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in untransformed wild-type (WT) and transgenic roots (T), b relative fungal biomass estimation in untransformed wild-type (WT) and transgenic roots (T). Each value represents the mean of three independent experiments with standard error (SE). Approximately 3-5 replicates were examined for each individual experiment. Statistically significant differences are indicated by an asterisk at P < 0.05 (Fisher’s LSD test). After 5 DPI, untransformed roots showing c, f no GFP fluorescence, d, g high fungal colonization, e, h merged image of root elongation and tip zones, respectively. AtTT2:GFP transformed roots showing i, l GFP fluorescence, j, m less fungal colonization, k, n merged image of root elongation and tip zones, respectively. Scale bars: 100 µm