Fig. 2

Observation and assessment of GCPs. a Mixed GCPs and debris obtained via method S. b Status of GCPs after purification via method S. c, d GCPs stained with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to assess GCPs viability. Bright-field (c) and fluorescence (d) micrographs of the preparations are shown from the same field of vision. e The yield of GCPs under different centrifugal forces. f Comparison of protoplast yields of two methods (L and S) before and after purification. Results are shown as mean (n = 3) ± standard error from different samples. Scale bars indicate 20 μm