Table 1 Processing time among switchgrass transformation protocols reported in the literature and this study

1

N/A

3–7 days (27 °C)

8–16 weeks (27 °C)

4–6 weeks (27–28 °C)

80 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

N/A

Somleva et al. [21, 42]

2

10 days (25 °C)

4 weeks

3 days

Until callus reaches 0.5 cm

2 weeks

N/A

2 weeks

Burris et al. [38]

3

8–12 weeks (24 °C)

2 days

5–8 weeks

4–6 weeks (25 °C)

140 μE m⁻² s⁻¹

4–5 weeks

Xi et al. [20]

4

6–8 weeks (26 °C)

2 days

6 weeks

3–4 weeks (25 °C)

140 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

3–4 weeks (25 °C)

Li and Qu [39]

5

10 day-old seedling [White basal parts (5–8 mm)]

4 days (25 °C)

2–3 months

3–4 weeks (25 °C)

30 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

N/A

Song et al. [51]

6

8–9 weeks (26 °C)

3 days (26 °C)

4–6 weeks (26 °C)

4–5 weeks (26 °C)

20001χ

2–3 weeks

Ramamoorthy and Kumar [44]

7

4 weeks (28 °C)

7 days (28 °C)

8 weeks (28 °C)

6 weeks (28 °C)

N/A

1–2 weeks (28 °C)

Ogawa et al. [46]

8

3–4 months (25 °C)

3 days (25 °C)

8 weeks

3 weeks (25 °C)

100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

3 weeks (25 °C)

Liu et al. [43]

9

4 weeks (28 °C)

7 days (22 °C)

8 weeks

6 weeks

N/A

N/A

Ogawa et al. [45]

10

4–6 weeks (26 °C)

3 days (26 °C)

7 weeks (26 °C)

3–4 weeks (26 °C)

100 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹

2–4 weeks (26 °C)

This study